ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of Hippocampus kelloggi on GRP-78/PERK/ATF-4 signal pathway and explore its mechanism on improving spinal cord injury. Methods:A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and hippocampus group with 12 rats in each group. Only laminectomy was performed in the sham operation group. The spinal cord injury model was prepared in the model group and hippocampus group. Rats in the hippocampus group were given 10 ml/kg Hippocampus kelloggi extract by gavage for 14 days. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate the motor function of the limbs. The neuron morphology was observed by Nissl staining. The expression of GRP-78, p-PERK and ATF-4 proteins were detected by Western blot, the expression of GRP-78 and ATF-4 mRNAs was detected by qPCR, Caspase-3 and Caspase-12 were detected by ELISA, and the apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. Results:Compared with the model group, the BBB score of hippocampal group increased on the 7th, 9th, 11th and 14th day after operation ( P<0.05). For hippocampus group, the relative expression of GRP-78 (0.49 ± 0.06 vs. 0.74 ± 0.03), p-PERK (0.63 ± 0.04 vs. 0.81 ± 0.06) and ATF-4 (0.51 ± 0.06 vs. 0.69 ± 0.05) protein were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), GRP-78 mRNA (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.63 ± 0.06) and ATF-4 mRNA (0.61 ± 0.06 vs. 0.78 ± 0.04) were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the content of Caspase-3 and caspase-12 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate of hippocampal group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hippocampus kelloggi can regulate the stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum after spinal cord injury by inhibiting GRP-78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway to promote the repair of neurons.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is lack of effective method for treating humerus nonunion, lilac plate can maintain the compact contact between fracture end and bone graft, accelerate bone union, as well as provide stability for bone union. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of treating humerus nonunion by using lilac bone graft as plate combined with the external fixation.METHODS: Thirteen patients with nonunion of the humorous at Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Jinan Command General Hospital of Chinese PLA were selected, including 11 males and 2 females, aged 20 51 years, mean aged 35.5 years. All the patients were treated with Uiac bone graft and screws combined with the mono lateral external fixation. The bone healing was observed by X-ray film. Shoulder function and complications were measured by Neer score.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 7-64 months, mean 38 months. Bony union was achieved in all patients within 6-10 months (mean 8.1 months). The activity function of shoulder and elbow was normal; and Neer scores were 71-96 (mean 87 scores). No infection, pain, prevalent fracture or nonunion occurred. The results demonstrated that using lilac bone graft as plate combined with the mono lateral external fixation is a good salvage operation for nonunion of the humerus.
ABSTRACT
Objective The anterior-lateral defect of foot that lost one of the three supporting point of foot can lead to collapse of the lateral longitudinal arch, overload of the first metatarsal heads, and painful callus formation. It is meaningful to investigate the effect of reconstructing the lateral forefoot defect with pedical fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap. Methods From March 1989 to June 2008, there were 38 patients with anterior-lateral defect of foot were constructed. The supporting point with the local distal based pedical fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap was constracted. Results All the 38 flaps survived. All 38 patients had been followed up from 6 months to 10 years (mean 23.5 months) postoperatively. The constructed supporting point of the foot was functional. The patients could walk freely with no pain, and was satisfied with the operation. Assessed with the rating system for foot and ankle established by the American Orthopaedic Foot And Anke Society, 8 patients got a score above 85, 23 patients between 75 to 85, 7 patients between 60 to 75. Conclusion It is effective that transferring local distal based pedical fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap to repair the anterior-lateral defect of foot.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect on prevention of dura mater spinalis adhesion after laminectomy through an experiment by using keratin substance (KS) artificial fasciae.MethodSixty rats were randomly divided into three groups, each had 20. In all rats, total laminectomy were performed at T12 levels led to the defects of 2 mm?8 mm. The group A were sutured directly, which was regarded as control group; covered with artificial fasciae in group B; with self-faciae in group C. The animals were killed at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th week after operation respectively, and macroscopy assessment was done with the help of the Rydell Criterion. The spine segment of T12 was removed en bloc including the paraspinal tissue, and all specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Improved Nussbaum Criterion was used for the following optical microscopy assessment. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on posterior epidural scar obtained from group-B at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th week after operation respectively. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the differences between the three groups, and a P value of 0.05).So compared to the control group, KS artificial fasciae and self-fasciae significantly reduced the formation of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.ConclusionKS artificial fasciae have the best biological compatibility with the tissues with no adverse effects. The posterior hematoma and fibroblast (FB) are the main source of the epidural fibrosis.As placement of KS artificial fasciae over the laminectomy defect in rats could provide a physical barrier against invasion of fibrous tissue into the vertebral canal,and peridural fibrosis after laminectomy would be effectively prevented. KS artificial fasciae is safe and effective in limiting the direct contact by the postlaminectomy epidural fibrosis in rats.